A civil servant is a professional employed by a government department or agency to work in the public sector, providing essential services and supporting the implementation of government policies. Civil servants are typically career officials who are hired based on merit and remain in their positions regardless of changes in political leadership, ensuring continuity and impartiality in government operations

. Civil servants work in various roles across central and local governments, but not all public sector employees are civil servants. For example, in the UK, civil servants are those employed by the Crown in national government departments, while local government employees are considered public servants but not civil servants

. Their work touches many aspects of public life, including paying benefits, running prisons, issuing driving licenses, and policy development

. Key characteristics of civil servants include:

• Political impartiality: They serve the government of the day without political bias and uphold democratic principles

• Accountability: They are accountable to the public and must adhere to high standards of integrity, honesty, objectivity, and impartiality

• Expertise and professionalism: Civil servants provide specialized knowledge and continuity in government services

• Employment by the Crown or state: In countries like the UK, civil servants are employed by the Crown and can be transferred between departments without losing employment rights

In summary, a civil servant is a government employee dedicated to serving the public interest through nonpartisan, professional work within government institutions