A comprehensive exam is a specific type of examination that must be completed by graduate students in some disciplines and courses of study, and also by undergraduate students in some institutions and departments. Unlike final examinations, comprehensive examinations are not linked to any particular course, but rather test knowledge across one or more general fields of study. The form and general requirements for the comprehensive exam vary according to the faculty or department, degree sought, university, and country, but typically tests knowledge of the students subject area and two or more related areas, and may be used to determine a candidates eligibility to continue his or her course of study. At the graduate level, the purpose of the comprehensive exam is to ensure the student is familiar enough with their area of research to make original contributions. Typically, comprehensive exams consist of either a written or an oral exam, but some programs require both. In others, a written exam is taken, and depending on the grade, the student may or may not have to continue with an oral exam. Comprehensive exams are often based on a reading list agreed upon by the student and their committee, which is used to guide the students review and analysis of the specialization area(s). The requirements for a comprehensive exam vary between schools and programs, but in general, a minimum GPA is required prior to taking this exam. Comprehensive exams aim to assess the knowledge and capabilities of a student before granting them with a graduate degree.