A compression fracture is a type of fracture or broken bone that affects the vertebrae, which are the bones in the spine. It occurs when too much pressure is placed on the vertebral body, causing it to collapse and form a wedge shape. This can happen due to a combination of bending forward and downward pressure on the spine, such as falling from a chair in a sitting position on the floor. Compression fractures are more common in women over 50 and are often caused by osteoporosis, a disease that thins the bones and makes them weak and brittle. Symptoms of a compression fracture include sudden, severe back pain, decreased height, stooped-over posture, numbness or tingling, weak muscles, problems walking, and trouble controlling the bowels or bladder due to nerve damage. Treatment options for compression fractures include pain management, rest, physical therapy, and surgery in severe cases. To prevent compression fractures, it is recommended to consume enough vitamin D and calcium, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking and excessive alcohol consumption.