Conservatism is a political philosophy that seeks to promote and preserve traditional institutions, customs, and values. In the United States, conservatism is based on a belief in limited government, individualism, traditionalism, republicanism, and limited federal power. American conservatives tend to support Christian values, moral absolutism, traditional family values, and American exceptionalism, while opposing abortion, euthanasia, same-sex marriage, and transgender rights. They tend to favor economic liberalism and neoliberalism, and are generally pro-business and pro-capitalism, while opposing communism and labor unions.

Conservative thought has varied considerably as it has adapted itself to existing traditions and national cultures. Thus, conservatives from different parts of the world may disagree on a wide range of issues. In most democracies, political conservatism seeks to uphold traditional family structures and social values. Religious conservatives typically oppose abortion, LGBT behavior, drug use, and sexual activity outside of marriage.

There are different worldviews associated with conservatism, and politicians take advantage of the fact that its meaning is variable. Some core principles of conservatism include individual freedom, limited government, the rule of law, peace through strength, fiscal responsibility, and traditional values. Conservatives venerate hierarchy and order, and define themselves against the movements they oppose.