Deep cleaning, also known as scaling and root planing, is a dental procedure that involves removing plaque, tartar, and bacteria below the gum line down to the roots of the teeth. This procedure is different from a regular cleaning, which focuses on teeth at and above the gum line. Deep cleaning is recommended for patients with gum disease, particularly if it has progressed into periodontitis. The procedure is done under local anesthesia to numb the area and make the patient more comfortable.

The process of deep cleaning involves several steps:

1. Pre-appointment diagnosis
2. Numbing the area with a numbing cream or local anesthetic
3. Removing tartar from below the gum line using a small dental tool
4. Smoothing the roots of the teeth to prevent bacteria from accumulating
5. Applying an antibiotic gel or special mouth rinse to kill any remaining germs

Deep cleaning can be uncomfortable due to the instruments getting below the gum line and onto the roots of the teeth. However, a numbing agent may be used during the cleaning to make it more comfortable for the patient. The procedure usually requires two appointments, with each appointment treating one side of the mouth.

Overall, the goal of a deep cleaning is to stop the progression of gum disease and prevent tooth loss. It is not necessary for every patient, but it is recommended for patients with gingivitis or a more serious case of gum disease. After a deep cleaning, patients are given home care instructions to maintain good oral hygiene and prevent further damage.