Dub music is a sub-genre of reggae music that emerged in Jamaica in the late 1960s. The term "dub" refers to removing the vocals and emphasizing a songs instrumental and rhythm sections. Dub music is characterized by a "version" or "double" of an existing song, often instrumental, initially almost always pressed on the B-sides of 45 RPM records. Dub music is created by significantly manipulating the original recording, usually through the removal of vocal parts, emphasis of the rhythm section, the application of studio effects such as echo and reverb, and the occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works. Dub music has significantly impacted popular music, influencing genres such as hip-hop, dance, and dubstep. Dub music has also influenced many genres of music, including rock, pop, disco, house, techno, ambient, and trip hop. Dub music continues to evolve, and its popularity waxes and wanes with changes in musical fashion. Dub music has a rich history, and its key players include Osbourne "King Tubby" Ruddock, Lee "Scratch" Perry, Errol Thompson, Augustus Pablo, Clive Chin, and Herman Chin Loy. Dub music is in conversation with the cultural aesthetic of Afrofuturism, and Dub artists are able to tap into such Afrofuturist concepts as the nonlinearity of time and the projection of past sounds into an unknown future space.