An ear doctor is often called an otolaryngologist, or an ENT for short. Otolaryngologists are medical specialists who diagnose and treat conditions affecting the ears, nose, and throat, as well as related areas of the head and neck. They are trained to perform both nonsurgical and surgical treatments. An otolaryngologist can have various specializations such as otology/neurotology, pediatric otolaryngology, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, laryngology, rhinology, and head and neck diseases.