A graphic novel is a long-form, fictional work of sequential art that tells a story in a comic book format. It is a format, not a genre, and can encompass fiction, non-fiction, history, fantasy, or any other genre. Unlike comic books, graphic novels are generally stand-alone stories with more complex plots and are often published as complete books rather than serialized periodicals. They typically use frames or panels, speech bubbles, and illustrations to communicate the story, and they have a beginning, middle, and end. Graphic novels can be especially appealing to young readers and are a great way to help struggling readers strengthen vocabulary, build reading confidence and stamina, and develop a deeper appreciation of storytelling