A gyroscope sensor is a device that measures or maintains rotational motion. It is also known as an angular rate sensor or angular velocity sensor. Gyroscopes sense angular velocity, which is the change in rotational angle per unit of time. They are used to determine orientation and angular velocity, and they play crucial roles in various fields such as robotics, navigation, and electronic stability control systems.

Gyroscopes come in different types, including rotary (classical) gyroscopes, vibrating structure gyroscopes, and optical gyroscopes. MEMS (microelectromechanical system) gyroscopes are small, inexpensive sensors that measure angular velocity. They are miniaturized gyroscopes found in electronic devices and are used in smartphones for autorotation of the screen and view on the screen whenever a phone is rotated.

The gyroscope sensor within the MEMS is tiny, between 1 to 100 micrometers, the size of a human hair. When the gyro is rotated, a small resonating mass is shifted as the angular velocity changes. This movement is converted into very low-current electrical signals that can be amplified and read by a host microcontroller.

In summary, a gyroscope sensor is a device that measures or maintains rotational motion and is used to determine orientation and angular velocity. It is found in various fields such as robotics, navigation, and electronic stability control systems. MEMS gyroscopes are small, inexpensive sensors that measure angular velocity and are used in smartphones for autorotation of the screen and view on the screen whenever a phone is rotated.