A herniated disc, also known as a slipped or ruptured disc, is a condition that affects the rubbery cushions (discs) located between the bones (vertebrae) of the spine. Each disc has a soft, jelly-like center called the nucleus and a tougher outer layer called the annulus. A herniated disc happens when some of the nucleus pushes out through a tear in the annulus. This condition can occur anywhere along the spine but most commonly affects the lower back. When the nucleus pushes out, it can press on nearby nerves or the spinal cord, causing symptoms such as pain, numbness, or weakness in an arm or leg. The pain may feel burning or stinging and can radiate into other parts of the body. Herniated discs are often related to age-related wear and tear, trauma, or excessive strain. Many people with herniated discs don't have symptoms, and for those who do, symptoms often improve over time without surgery. In summary, a herniated disc is essentially a damaged spinal disc where the inner soft material protrudes through the outer layer, potentially causing nerve irritation and pain.