A hoppy beer is a beer that showcases the flavor and aroma of hops, which can be fruity, earthy, citric, floral, piney, etc based on the type of hop used. Hops are added to beer during or after fermentation to add bitterness to the brew, but they can also add a range of other flavor characteristics. The beers that are most likely to be described as "hoppy" are the ones with the most bitter flavor or the ones that have fruity, floral aromas. Dark beers, like porters and stouts, are dominated by the taste of the malt component, so they would never be described as "hoppy". Hoppy beers are characterized by their bitterness, fruity and floral aromas, and a focus on hop flavors such as citrus rather than malt. Although hoppy beers are often associated with IPAs, they can be found in many other beer styles as well.