A migraine is a type of headache that can cause severe throbbing pain or a pulsing sensation, usually on one side of the head. It is a genetic neurologic disease that affects each person differently with a wide range of disease severity. Migraines can last for at least four hours or even days and may get worse with physical activity, lights, sounds, or smells. Some people may experience an aura before or during a migraine attack, which is a temporary reversible neurologic symptom that can include visual phenomena such as seeing geometric shapes or bright spots, or flashing lights, or even loss of vision.

The exact cause of migraines is not fully understood, but it is believed to be caused by abnormal brain activity that involves nerve pathways and chemicals, which affect blood flow in the brain and surrounding tissues. Migraine attacks can be triggered by a variety of factors, including stress, strong odors, dehydration, and certain foods.

Migraines are unique to each individual, and the best outcomes are usually achieved by learning and avoiding personal migraine triggers, managing symptoms, and practicing preventive methods. There are ways to manage and minimize the triggers of migraines using the SEEDS method, which stands for sleep, exercise, eat healthy, well-balanced meals, drink plenty of water, and stress management.

In summary, migraines are a type of headache that can cause severe pain and other symptoms, and they are caused by abnormal brain activity that affects blood flow in the brain and surrounding tissues. Migraines are unique to each individual, and the best outcomes are usually achieved by learning and avoiding personal migraine triggers, managing symptoms, and practicing preventive methods.