Milia are small, white bumps or cysts that appear on the surface of the skin when dead skin cells become trapped. They are made up of keratin, a protein on the outer layer of the skin, and while they resemble whiteheads, they are not related to acne or infection and are simply a pocket of normal skin. Milia form as a consequence of the skins localized inability to naturally exfoliate, and dead skin cells build up underneath, causing a bump to form. They can be seen in all age groups, and nearly half of all infants develop them. Adults can develop milia on the face as well, including very delicate areas like the eyelids.

Milia can be caused by smothering the skin with heavy skin care products or hair care items, including comedogenic creams and lotions, make-up removers not labeled oil-free or non-comedogenic, hair spray, hair mousse and gel, heavy sunscreens, and some moisturizers. Certain conditions and skin products may also cause them. To prevent milia, it is recommended to keep sun exposure limited and always wear an oil-free sunscreen.

When looking for the best milia treatment, its important to pay attention to the ingredients. Products containing salicylic acid, glycolic acid, or retinoids can help to exfoliate the skin and unclog pores. Glycolic acid is available in over-the-counter creams or gels in 20% or lower concentrations, and consistent use of this natural alpha-hydroxy acid at low doses gives the skin a consistent rate of exfoliation without excess irritation. Retinol is another milia-eradicating ingredient, and nightly use of low concentrations, like that found in Skin Medica Retinol Complex 1.0, gently increases the skins cell turnover rate, revealing a fresh smooth layer.

Its important to consider the type of product youre using when treating milia. Some milia treatments come in the form of serums or creams, while others may be in the form of patches or masks. Its also important to note that milia should not be treated in the same way as acne or infection. If you have milia-prone skin, it is recommended to avoid certain ingredients in skin care and makeup products, including liquid paraffin, liquid petroleum, paraffin oil, and paraffinum.

In some cases, milia may need to be removed by a qualified dermatologist. The best type of treatment will depend on the type of milia you have, as well as the number and location on the face.