The Moorish Sovereign Citizen movement is a collection of independent organizations and individuals who emerged in the early 1990s as an offshoot of the anti-government extremist sovereign citizen movement. Members of the Moorish Sovereign Citizen movement are called Moors, and they espouse an antigovernment doctrine in which its members claim to be part of a sovereign nation. For some who identify themselves as “Moor,” “Moorish” or something similar, there is a belief that a fictitious 1787 treaty between the United States and Morocco grants them immunity from U.S. law. Moorish Sovereign Citizens combine long-standing sovereign citizen beliefs and tactics with some newer, primarily Afrocentric notions, including a number of beliefs from the Moorish Science Temple religious sect. Moorish Sovereign Citizens believe they are descendants of Moors who inhabited the Kingdom of Morocco, which signed a Treaty of Peace and Friendship with the US in 1786 that officially recognized America as a sovereign nation. They claim that Moors in the US have sovereign status, meaning they would be exempt from normal laws and regulations. Moorish Sovereign Citizens believe they are bound mainly by maritime law, not the law of the places where they live. While Moorish Sovereign Citizens generally adopt practices common among other sovereign citizens, their unique pseudo-historical perspective shapes their actions and tactics.