A pentagram is a five-pointed star polygon, formed from the diagonal line segments of a convex regular pentagon. The word pentagram comes from the Greek word πεντάγραμμον (pentagrammon), from πέντε (pente), "five" + γραμμή (grammē), "line". The pentagram has been used as a religious symbol throughout the world from the beginning of recorded history. Its meaning has varied widely over time, and it has functioned as a symbol of protection, of perfection, of the Devil, and of humanity, among others. The segments of the pentagram exhibit the golden ratio, which perhaps makes the figure especially aesthetically pleasing. The pentagram has been used in ancient Chinese and Japanese religions to symbolize the five elements of life, and in Japanese culture, the symbol was also considered magical. In modern times, the pentagram is most often associated with Neo-Pagan religions, especially Wicca, where it is often depicted enclosed in a circle, a symbol known as a pentacle. In these traditions, the five points often represent the five elements of air, fire, water, earth, and spirit. The pentagram has also been used in Judaism since at least 300 BCE when it was first used as the stamp of Jerusalem, and it is used to represent justice, mercy, and wisdom.