A phantom pregnancy, also known as false pregnancy or pseudocyesis, is a condition where an individual experiences many of the physical and emotional symptoms of pregnancy despite not being pregnant. False pregnancy has a prominent psychiatric component as well as physical manifestations of pregnancy. It can be caused by trauma (either physical or mental), a chemical imbalance of hormones, and some medical conditions. Contributing psychological factors include a strong desire for pregnancy or misinterpretation of objective bodily sensations. False pregnancy is not the same as claiming to be pregnant for a benefit or having delusions of pregnancy.
The symptoms of pseudocyesis are similar to actual pregnancy because a person believes they are pregnant or has a condition causing pregnancy symptoms. For example, some people will report feeling movement in their uterus. Women with pseudocyesis have many of the same symptoms as those who are actually pregnant, including missed periods, abdominal swelling, breast tenderness, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, and even labor pains. The biggest difference between false pregnancy and a real pregnancy is the presence of a fetus. A person with pseudocyesis may feel pregnant and have signs of pregnancy, but a pregnancy test, blood test, or ultrasound will show they aren’t pregnant.
To determine whether a woman is experiencing a false pregnancy, the doctor will usually evaluate their symptoms, perform a pelvic exam, and abdominal ultrasound - the same tests used to feel and visualize the unborn baby during a normal pregnancy. In a case of false pregnancy, no baby will be seen on the ultrasound, and there wont be any heartbeat. Sometimes, however, the doctor will find some of the physical changes that occur during pregnancy, such as an enlarged uterus and softened cervix.
Pseudocyesis is believed to occur more frequently in cultures where undue importance is placed on a person’s ability to reproduce. Treatment for pseudocyesis may include counseling, therapy, and medication to address underlying psychological issues. It is really helpful to engage family and friends in the treatment process and clarify goals for them.
