A colon polyp is a small clump of cells that forms on the lining of the colon. They are a type of tumor, a cluster or mass of abnormal cells. Most colon polyps are harmless, but over time, some colon polyps can develop into colon cancer. Colon polyps come in various shapes and sizes, and they can be flat, slightly raised (called sessile), or on a stalk (called pedunculated) . There are different microscopic types of polyps, and the adenomas or sessile serrated polyps can eventually grow over time and become cancer.

Colon polyps often develop silently, which means they usually don’t cause symptoms. However, some larger polyps can cause abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, or a change in bowel habits that lasts longer than a week. If you experience any of these symptoms, you should see your healthcare provider.

Colon polyps are caused by an abnormal production of cells in the lining of the colon. Many factors can increase the risk or rate of these changes, including older age, genetics or hereditary issues, smoking, excess alcohol ingestion, and not exercising. Polyps are found in about 30% of the adult population over the age of 45-50, and men and women of all ethnicities are at risk of colon polyps and colon cancer.

If polyps are found, a colonoscopy or CT colonography is needed to view the whole of the large bowel and remove any polyps. In rare cases, polyps may need to be treated by surgically removing part of the bowel. Undergoing colorectal cancer screening and removal of polyps can decrease the risk of developing colorectal cancer.