A prepositional phrase is a group of words that consists of a preposition, its object, and any words that modify the object. Prepositional phrases can modify a verb or a noun, and there are two types of prepositional phrases: adverbial phrases and adjectival phrases.

• Adjectival phrases: These prepositional phrases act upon a noun and are called adjectival phrases because adjectives modify nouns. For example, in the sentence "the book on the table," the prepositional phrase "on the table" acts upon the noun "book" and tells us the location of the book.

• Adverbial phrases: These prepositional phrases act upon a verb and are called adverbial phrases because adverbs modify verbs. For example, in the sentence "she looked around the living room for the cat," the prepositional phrase "around the living room" acts upon the verb "looked" and tells us where she looked.

Prepositional phrases consist of a preposition, its object, and any modifiers. The preposition is the word that governs the noun or pronoun, and the object is the noun or pronoun that receives the action in the sentence. Modifiers can be added to the preposition and object, and they can be adjectives, adverbs, or clauses.

Some of the most common prepositions that begin prepositional phrases are "to," "of," "about," "at," "before," "after," "by," "behind," "during," "for," "from," "in," "over," "under," and "with".