Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms, known as offspring, are produced from their parent or parents. Reproduction is a fundamental feature of all known life, and each individual organism exists as the result of reproduction. There are two forms of reproduction: asexual and sexual.

• Asexual reproduction: In asexual reproduction, an organism can reproduce without the involvement of another organism. Asexual reproduction is not limited to single-celled organisms. The cloning of an organism is a form of asexual reproduction. By asexual reproduction, an organism creates a genetically similar or identical copy of itself.

• Sexual reproduction: In sexual reproduction, two parent organisms contribute genetic material to create a genetically unique offspring. This process starts with meiosis, a specialized type of cell division, and each of the two parent organisms contributes half of the offsprings genetic makeup by creating haploid gametes.

Reproduction is essential for the continuity of species, generation after generation, and it is the main feature of life on earth. Reproduction can occur in both plants and animals, and it can be sexual or asexual.