A sapper is a combatant or soldier who performs a variety of military engineering duties such as breaching fortifications, demolitions, bridge-building, laying or clearing minefields, preparing field defenses, and road and airfield construction and repair. In the British, Indian, Canadian, Australian, and New Zealand armies, a sapper is a soldier who has specialized combat engineer training. In the US Army, a sapper is a combat engineer who has graduated from the Sapper Leader Course, which is a 28-day leadership development course that teaches advanced techniques needed across the Army. The Sapper Leader Course is designed to build esprit de corps by training soldiers in troop leading procedures, demolitions, and mountaineering operations. The Sapper tab is a military badge that soldiers can earn by graduating from the Sapper Leader Course. Soldiers who earn the Sapper tab are not necessarily required to hold the combat engineer military occupational specialty.