Shin splints, also known as medial tibial stress syndrome, refer to pain and tenderness along or just behind the large bone in the lower leg (the tibia) . They are caused by repetitive stress on the shinbone and the connective tissues that attach your muscles to the bone. Shin splints often occur in athletes who have recently intensified or changed their training routines, as the increased activity overworks the muscles, tendons, and bone tissue.

Symptoms of shin splints include pain along the inner edge of the shinbone, which is usually felt during activity and may last for a while afterward. The pain can be sharp or a dull ache and can get worse after activity. Shin splints can also lead to swelling and tenderness of the shinbone.

Most cases of shin splints can be treated with rest, ice, and other self-care measures. Wearing proper footwear and modifying your exercise routine can help prevent shin splints from recurring. Treatment includes stopping the activity that causes pain, stretching and strengthening exercises, cold packs, and taking medicines such as ibuprofen. Running shoes with a stiff heel and special arch support can also help.

To help prevent shin splints, you can analyze your movement, avoid overdoing it, wear proper footwear, slowly build your fitness level, and cross-train.