STI stands for sexually transmitted infection, which is a virus, bacteria, fungus, or parasite that people can get through sexual contact. STIs are highly contagious and can be spread through unprotected sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. Some STIs can also be transmitted during pregnancy, childbirth, and breastfeeding, as well as through infected blood or blood products.

STIs can have serious consequences if left untreated, including neurological and cardiovascular disease, infertility, ectopic pregnancy, stillbirths, and increased risk of HIV. Some STIs, like HIV, have no cure and can be life-threatening without treatment.

Many STIs have no symptoms, so people can have an infection but not know it. Common symptoms of STIs include abnormal vaginal discharge, urethral discharge, genital ulcers and lumps, and lower abdominal pain. However, the majority of STIs have no symptoms.

STI testing is a medical test to determine if you have an STI. A healthcare provider will review your symptoms and offer a test or tests to determine the cause. There are different tests for each type of STI. STI testing could include a urine test, blood test, or swab test.

Prevention is key when it comes to STIs. Condoms used correctly and consistently are effective methods to protect against STIs and HIV. Screening with early diagnosis of people with STIs and their sexual partners offers the best opportunity for effective treatment and for preventing complications and further transmission. People seeking screening and treatment for STIs face numerous problems, including limited resources, stigmatization, poor quality of services, and often out-of-pocket expenses).