A stoma is an opening on the surface of the abdomen that has been surgically created to divert the flow of faeces or urine out of the body. It is a small, pinkish, circular piece of flesh that is sewn to the body and may lie fairly flat or protrude out. A stoma can be connected to either the digestive or urinary system, depending on the reason for the surgery. It is used to remove bodily waste, such as faeces or urine, into a small collection bag. Stomas can be created anywhere along the digestive system, and there are three main types of ostomy: colostomy, ileostomy, and urostomy. The most common reasons for stoma surgery include bowel cancer, bladder cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, or an obstruction to the bladder or bowel. A stoma can be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause.

Some key facts about stomas include:

• Stomas have no nerve endings, so they should not cause any pain.
• A pouch is worn over the stoma to collect waste, which can either be closed or have an opening at the bottom.
• Stomas can initially be swollen after the operation, but this usually reduces in size over time.
• There are no sensations when touching a stoma.
• Everyones stoma is different in size or shape.
• Stoma surgery is undertaken to treat a range of illnesses, including cancer, diverticulitis, and Crohns disease, or following a trauma to the abdomen.

Living with a stoma can seem daunting at first, but with help and support, many people maintain a normal quality of life. There are specialist healthcare professionals who can help with the adjustment process. Stoma bags have adhesive on the back so that they will firmly stick to the skin, providing a leak-proof and odour-proof system. Usually, the bag cannot be seen under clothing. Underwear designed for people with a stoma is also available[[5]](https://www.cancer.org.au/cancer-informa...