A tension headache is the most common type of headache, causing mild to moderate pain thats often described as feeling like a tight band around the head. It is often associated with muscle tightness in the head, scalp, or neck. The exact cause of tension headaches is not known, but several factors such as genetics, environment, and muscle contractions in the head and neck are thought to be involved. Stress and muscle tension are often factors in these headaches. Some people get tension headaches in response to stressful events or hectic days. The following are common symptoms of a tension headache:
- Slow onset of the headache
- Head usually hurts on both sides
- Pain is dull or feels like a band or vice around the head
- Pain may involve the back part of the head or neck
- Pain is usually mild to moderate, but not severe
Tension headaches can be triggered by various activities such as typing or other computer work, fine work with the hands, and using a microscope. Sleeping in a cold room or sleeping with the neck in an abnormal position may also trigger a tension headache. Other triggers of tension headaches include physical or emotional stress, alcohol use, caffeine (too much or withdrawal), colds, the flu, or a sinus infection, dental problems such as jaw clenching or teeth grinding, eye strain, excessive smoking, fatigue, or overexertion. Tension headaches can occur when you also have a migraine. Tension headaches are not associated with brain diseases.
Managing a tension headache is often a balance between practicing healthy habits, finding effective nonmedicine treatments, and using medicines appropriately. Lifestyle changes including regular sleep, exercise, and meal can help prevent tension headaches. Stress management tools such as relaxation techniques, meditation, and yoga can also help. Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen, aspirin, or ibuprofen can help relieve the pain of a tension headache. If tension headaches are frequent or severe, a healthcare provider may recommend prescription medications or other treatments.
