In research, a theory is a well-established principle that has been developed to explain some aspect of the natural or social world. Theories arise from repeated observation and experimentation and are used as a conceptual basis for understanding, analyzing, and designing ways to investigate relationships within social systems. A theory is a well-substantiated explanation of an aspect of the natural world that can incorporate laws, hypotheses, and facts. Theories not only explain known facts but also allow scientists to make predictions of what they should observe if a theory is true. Scientific theories are testable, and new evidence should be compatible with a theory. If it isnt, the theory is refined or rejected. In research, a theoretical framework is the structure that can hold or support a theory of a research study. The theoretical framework introduces and describes the theory which explains why the research problem under study exists. Theoretical frameworks provide the underlying logic of the occurrence of natural or social phenomena by explaining what the key drivers and key outcomes of the target phenomenon are and why, and what underlying processes are responsible for driving that phenomenon.