A vector quantity is a physical quantity that has both a magnitude (size or amount) and a direction. This distinguishes it from scalar quantities, which have only magnitude without any direction

Key Characteristics of Vector Quantities:

• Magnitude: The size or amount of the quantity (e.g., 20 newtons, 50 kilometers).
• Direction: The orientation in space where the quantity is applied or points (e.g., to the left, east, upwards).
• Represented graphically by an arrow, where the length corresponds to magnitude and the arrow points in the direction of the vector

Examples of Vector Quantities:

• Force (e.g., 20 newtons to the left)
• Displacement (e.g., 50 kilometers east)
• Velocity (e.g., 11 meters per second upwards)
• Acceleration (e.g., 9.8 meters per second squared downwards)
• Momentum (e.g., 250 kilogram meters per second southwest)

Additional Notes:

• Vectors can be added, subtracted, and combined according to vector algebra rules.
• A vector does not depend on its position in space; it can be moved parallel to itself without changing its properties

In summary, a vector quantity fully describes a physical quantity by specifying both how much there is (magnitude) and where it is directed (direction)