Abstraction in a lesson plan refers to a phase in which teachers focus entirely on the lesson, reinforcing students existing knowledge while guiding them toward a deeper understanding. In this phase, teachers help students internalize the importance of the lesson and its relevance to their lives by relating the content to real-world scenarios. By doing so, students develop a sense of ownership and appreciation for the subject matter. Abstraction allows students to sort through information and abstract out what is necessary in order to solve a problem. It is used daily in mathematics, literacy, science, and other subjects. In a lesson plan, abstraction is often one of the four phases, along with activity, analysis, and application. In the abstraction phase, teachers reinforce and generalize the lesson, allowing students to grasp the concepts in their own words.