Acne is primarily caused by the clogging of hair follicles (pores) in the skin due to excess production of oil (sebum) and accumulation of dead skin cells. This creates an environment where bacteria, particularly Cutibacterium acnes, can grow, leading to inflammation and the development of pimples. Hormonal changes, especially increased levels of androgens during puberty, trigger the sebaceous glands to produce more oil, which contributes to the formation of acne. Other factors such as certain medications, diet (high glycemic foods and dairy), stress, and genetic predisposition can also influence the occurrence and severity of acne.