Adaptation is a process in which living organisms adjust themselves to their surroundings. It is a change in the structure or behavior of an organism that helps it survive better in its habitat. Adaptation can be of various types, including structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations. Structural adaptations are changes to the structure of a living organism to adapt better to an environment. Physiological adaptations are changes in the metabolic processes of an organism to help it survive in its environment. Behavioral adaptations are changes in the behavior of an organism to help it survive in its environment.

Adaptation is a short-term process where the changes that occur are usually reversible. It is often mistaken for evolution, but both are different processes. Evolution brings about drastic changes that occur at the genetic level, whereas adaptation is a short-term process. However, adaptation can lead to evolution.

In class 7 science, adaptation is studied in the context of climate and habitats. Students learn about the adaptations of animals to different climates and habitats, such as tropical rainforests. They also learn about the different types of adaptations, including structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations.