Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. It is characterized by an ongoing pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. Symptoms of ADHD include difficulty staying on task, sustaining focus, and staying organized. Children with ADHD may also struggle with low self-esteem, troubled relationships, and poor performance in school. ADHD is considered a chronic and debilitating disorder and is known to impact the individual in many aspects of their life including academic and professional achievements, interpersonal relationships, and daily functioning.

It is important to note that several conditions can mimic ADHD such as learning disorders, mood disorders, anxiety, substance use, head injuries, thyroid conditions, and use of some medications such as steroids. ADHD may also co-exist with other mental health conditions, such as oppositional defiant disorder or conduct disorder, anxiety disorders, and learning disorders. Thus, a full psychiatric evaluation is very important.

In most cases, ADHD is best treated with a combination of behavior therapy and medication. For preschool-aged children (4-5 years of age) with ADHD, behavior therapy, particularly training for parents, is recommended as the first line of treatment before medication is tried. Good treatment plans will include close monitoring, follow-ups, and making changes, if needed, along the way.

Being healthy is important for all children and can be especially important for children with ADHD. In addition to behavioral therapy and medication, having a healthy lifestyle can make it easier for your child to deal with ADHD symptoms. Here are some healthy behaviors that may help:

• Developing healthy eating habits such as eating plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains and choosing lean protein
• Participating in physical activity every day
• Getting enough sleep
• Limiting screen time from phones, tablets, computers, and TV
• Learning stress-management techniques

In conclusion, ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects millions of children and often continues into adulthood. It is characterized by an ongoing pattern of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. A full psychiatric evaluation is necessary to determine the cause of the symptoms. In most cases, ADHD is best treated with a combination of behavior therapy and medication. Having a healthy lifestyle can also make it easier for children with ADHD to deal with their symptoms.