Ammonia is a colorless, pungent gas with the chemical formula NH3, composed of nitrogen and hydrogen. It is a widely used inorganic compound essential in agriculture as a fertilizer, and it also serves in the production of explosives, cleaning agents, and various chemicals. Ammonia naturally occurs through biological processes like the decay of organic matter and nitrogen fixation by certain plants and bacteria. Industrially, ammonia is produced mainly by the Haber-Bosch process, which synthesizes it from nitrogen and hydrogen under high temperature and pressure. It is toxic and can damage cells and tissues, making it hazardous in concentrated forms. It is lighter than air, easily liquefied, and has applications ranging from fertilizers to refrigeration and textile manufacturing.