Amputation surgery is the surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity, such as an arm, leg, foot, hand, toe, or finger. It is usually performed to control pain and prevent the spread of infection following a serious injury or illness. The surgical approach depends on the affected body part, the reason for the amputation, and the extent of bone and tissue damage. The surgeon removes all diseased or damaged tissue and bone in the area, preserving as much of the healthy tissue and bone as possible. The surgical team then places a sterile dressing on the wound and may place a stocking over the stump to hold drainage tubes or bandages.

Before surgery, a patient is fully assessed to identify the most suitable type of amputation and any factors that may affect their rehabilitation. The assessment includes a thorough medical examination to check the patients physical condition, such as their cardiovascular system and respiratory system. The surgical team considers the procedures impact on the persons mobility, sensation, and appearance. If the rehabilitation care plan includes a prosthetic device, the amputation should ensure that the device fits properly.

After surgery, it takes some time to get used to moving without the natural limb, and physical therapy exercises are necessary to build strength, balance, and mobility. Recovery times vary by patient, as does the learning curve of adapting to life without a limb. Risks of amputation, as with any surgery, include infection at the wound site, blood clots, excessive bleeding, swelling, muscle weakness, and pain.