Angina is a type of chest pain or discomfort that occurs when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood. It is not a disease but a symptom and warning sign of heart disease. The chest pain caused by angina usually feels tight, dull, or heavy and may spread to other parts of the upper body like the arms or jaw. The discomfort is often triggered by physical exertion or stress and stops within a few minutes of resting. There are four main types of angina:

• Stable angina: This is the most common type of angina. It is triggered by physical activity or stress and goes away with rest or angina medication. The chest pain is predictable and usually similar to previous episodes of chest pain. It typically lasts a short time, perhaps five minutes or less.

• Unstable angina: This type of angina is more severe and unpredictable than stable angina. The chest pain may occur at rest or with minimal exertion and may last longer than stable angina. Unstable angina is a medical emergency and requires immediate treatment.

• Variant angina: Also known as Prinzmetals angina, this type of angina is caused by a spasm in the coronary artery that reduces blood flow to the heart. It can occur at rest and is often severe. Variant angina is rare and can be treated with medication.

• Microvascular angina: This type of angina is caused by a problem with the small blood vessels in the heart. It can occur during physical activity or stress and may last longer than stable angina. Microvascular angina is more common in women and can be difficult to diagnose.

Angina is usually caused by coronary artery disease, which occurs when plaque (a fatty, waxy substance) builds up in the coronary arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart. Other risk factors for angina include older age, family history of heart disease, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, diabetes, and obesity. Treatment for angina may include medication, lifestyle changes, and surgery, depending on the severity of the condition. If you experience unexpected or severe chest pain, call 911 immediately, as it could be a sign of a heart attack.