An asthma attack is a sudden worsening of asthma symptoms caused by the tightening of muscles around the airways, which is called a bronchospasm. During an asthma attack, the airways become swollen and inflamed, and the muscles around them contract, causing the bronchial tubes to narrow. This makes breathing difficult and can cause symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath. Other symptoms of an asthma attack can include severe wheezing when breathing both in and out, coughing that wont stop, very rapid breathing, and chest tightness or pain.

Asthma attacks can be triggered by exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, and animal dander, irritants in the air such as smoke or chemical fumes, and strong odors such as perfume. Certain illnesses, respiratory infections, and strenuous exercise can also trigger an asthma attack. Warning signs of a potential asthma attack can include an increase in the need for rescue medication, a worsening cough, shortness of breath, and diminished tolerance for exercise.

Mild asthma attacks are generally more common and usually get better with prompt home treatment. Severe asthma attacks are less common but last longer and require immediate medical help. If a severe asthma attack doesnt improve with home treatment, it can become a life-threatening emergency, and medical attention should be sought right away.

The best way to avoid an asthma attack is to make sure your asthma is well controlled in the first place. This means following a written asthma plan to track symptoms and adjust your medication. While you may not be able to eliminate your risk of an asthma attack, you can take steps to reduce it.