An attack vector is a specific path, method, or scenario that can be exploited to break into an IT system, thus compromising its security. Attack vectors enable hackers to exploit system vulnerabilities, including the human element. They can be used to launch attacks that take advantage of system weaknesses, cause a data breach, or steal login credentials. Attack vectors may be exploited manually, automatically, or through a combination of manual and automatic activity, and often involve a multi-step process. Some common attack vectors include:

• Sharing malware and viruses
• Malicious email attachments and web links
• Pop-up windows and instant messages that involve the attacker duping an employee or individual user
• Exploiting buffer overflows
• Exploiting webpages and email supporting the loading and subsequent execution of JavaScript or other types of scripts without properly limiting their powers
• Exploiting networking protocol flaws to perform unauthorized actions at the other end of a network connection
• Phishing

Hackers are constantly scanning companies and individuals to identify all potential entry points into systems, applications, and networks. In some cases, they may even target physical facilities or find vulnerable users and internal employees who will knowingly or inadvertently share their information technology (IT) access credentials. Organizations can mitigate against cyber-attacks through a number of different methods, including real-time event detection and response capabilities that neutralize cyberattacks before they can lead to data loss.