An EcoBoost engine is a line of turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines produced by Ford and originally co-developed by FEV Inc. EcoBoost engines are designed to deliver power and torque consistent with those of larger-displacement naturally aspirated engines, while achieving up to 20% better fuel efficiency and 15% fewer greenhouse emissions, according to Ford. EcoBoost engines range from 1.0 liters to 3.5 liters and are available in a wide variety of Ford cars, trucks, and SUVs. The EcoBoost technology combines three innovative technologies to bolster the power and efficiency of the vehicle without hurting its fuel efficiency. These three features are turbocharging, direct fuel injection, and twin independent variable camshaft timing (also known as Ti-VCT), and they work in tandem to push powerful performance while maintaining an economical drive. Turbocharged engines force in more air than a normal engine would receive, improving power output without increasing the size of the engine. Direct injection cuts out the intact tract portion of the fuel injection process, which improves efficiency. Ti-VCT adjusts the opening and closing of both the intake and exhaust valves continuously during engine operation, maximizing the torque and power at peak demand and minimizing fuel consumption during part load operation.