Energy transformation, also known as energy conversion, is the process of changing energy from one form to another. Energy is a quantity that provides the capacity to perform work or moving or provides heat. According to the law of conservation of energy, energy is transferable to a different location or object, but it cannot be created or destroyed. The laws of thermodynamics apply to energy and energy conversions. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one type into another. Every useful process transforms energy from one form to another. There are many different forms or types of energy, such as kinetic, gravitational potential, and chemical energy. Some examples of everyday energy transformations are:

• Rubbing hands together to make them warm: Kinetic energy to thermal energy
• Using a battery-powered flashlight: Chemical energy to electrical energy to light energy
• Hydroelectric dam: Kinetic energy of water to electrical energy

In order to make energy transformation more efficient, it is desirable to avoid thermal conversion. For example, the efficiency of nuclear reactors, where the kinetic energy of the nuclei is first converted to thermal energy and then to electrical energy, lies at around 35%. By direct conversion of kinetic energy to electric energy, the efficiency of the energy transformation process can be dramatically improved.

In summary, energy transformation is the process of changing energy from one form to another, and it is a fundamental concept in physics and thermodynamics. It is important to understand energy transformation to make energy use more efficient and sustainable.