An experiment is a procedure carried out to test a hypothesis or to determine the efficacy or likelihood of something previously untried. It involves manipulating one or more factors to observe the effect on another factor, thereby providing insight into cause-and-effect relationships. Experiments rely on repeatable procedures and logical analysis of results to support or refute a hypothesis or theory

. Key features of an experiment include:

• Manipulation: Purposefully changing one or more variables (independent variables) to observe their effect.
• Control: Minimizing the influence of other variables to ensure that observed effects are due to the manipulated factors.
• Random assignment: Assigning subjects or units randomly to different groups or treatments to reduce bias and ensure comparability.
• Observation and measurement: Collecting data on the dependent variables, which are expected to change in response to manipulation.

Experiments can vary widely in complexity, from simple informal tests (like tasting chocolates to find a favorite) to highly controlled scientific investigations involving complex apparatus and multiple researchers

. In scientific research, experiments are a fundamental part of the scientific method, helping to verify or falsify hypotheses and advance knowledge. They are used across disciplines, including natural sciences, medicine, social sciences, and engineering, with variations in design and application depending on the field

. In summary, an experiment is a systematic and controlled procedure designed to test ideas and hypotheses by manipulating variables and observing outcomes to draw conclusions about cause and effect.