An eye surgeon is called an ophthalmologist. Ophthalmologists are medical or osteopathic doctors who specialize in eye and vision care. They have completed college and at least eight years of additional medical training, including a 1-year internship and a 3-year residency, and are licensed to practice medicine and surgery. They can diagnose and treat all eye diseases, perform eye surgery, and prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses to correct vision problems. While ophthalmologists are trained to care for all eye problems and conditions, some specialize in a specific area of medical or surgical eye care, such as glaucoma, retina, cornea, pediatrics, neurology, or oculo-plastic surgery.