Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disability caused by differences in the brain. It is a complex condition that affects how people interact with others, communicate, learn, and behave. People with ASD may behave, communicate, interact, and learn in ways that are different from most other people. Some people with ASD may require significant support in their daily lives, while others may need less support and, in some cases, live entirely independently.

The key signs and symptoms of ASD include problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests. People with ASD may also have different ways of learning, moving, or paying attention. Some of the behaviors or interests that set ASD apart from conditions defined by problems with social communication and interaction only include lining up toys or other objects and getting upset when order is changed, repeating words or phrases over and over (called echolalia), playing with toys the same way every time, being focused on parts of objects (for example, wheels), getting upset by minor changes, having obsessive interests, must follow certain routines, flapping hands, rocking body, or spinning self in circles, and having unusual reactions to the way things sound, smell, taste, look, or feel.

It is important to note that some people without ASD might also have some of these symptoms. But for people with ASD, these characteristics can make life very challenging. While there is no cure for autism, early intervention can change a life. Treatment for ASD should begin as soon as possible after diagnosis, and early treatment is important as proper care and services can reduce individuals’ difficulties while helping them build on their strengths and learn new skills.