Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects how a person perceives and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication. It is characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction, and repetitive or restricted patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities, which can include hyper- and hyporeactivity to sensory input. ASD is a spectrum disorder, meaning that it can manifest very differently in each person. Some people with ASD have a known difference, such as a genetic difference, while others do not.

ASD includes a wide variety of characteristics, such as delayed language skills, delayed movement skills, delayed cognitive or learning skills, hyperactive, impulsive, and/or inattentive behavior, epilepsy or seizure disorder, unusual eating and sleeping habits, gastrointestinal issues, unusual mood or emotional reactions, anxiety, stress, or excessive worry, lack of fear or more fear than expected, and more. People with ASD often have problems with social communication and interaction, and restricted or repetitive behaviors or interests.

ASD begins before the age of 3 years and can last throughout a person’s life, although symptoms may improve over time. Some children show ASD symptoms within the first 12 months of life, while in others, symptoms may not show up until 24 months of age or later. As children with ASD become adolescents and young adults, they may have difficulties developing and maintaining friendships, communicating with peers and adults, or understanding what behaviors are expected in school or on the job. They may come to the attention of healthcare providers because they also have conditions such as anxiety, depression, or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, which occur more often in people with ASD than in people without ASD.

It is important to note that some people without ASD might also have some of these symptoms. A diagnosis of ASD is made based on the presence of certain symptoms and behaviors, and there is no single test to diagnose ASD. Treatment for ASD should begin as soon as possible after diagnosis, and early treatment is important as proper care and services can reduce individuals’ difficulties while helping them build on their strengths and learn new skills. Treatment may include medication, behavioral, psychological, educational, or skill-building interventions, and programs that are often highly structured and intensive, and they may involve caregivers, siblings, and other family members[[5]](https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/autism/what-...