Asynchronous programming is a technique that enables a program to start a potentially long-running task and still be able to be responsive to other events while that task runs, rather than having to wait until that task has finished. In JavaScript, asynchronous programming is achieved through the use of various techniques, including:

• Callbacks: This allows for asynchronous code to be written in a synchronous fashion. A callback function is passed as an argument to another function and is executed when the other function has completed its task.

• Promises: Promises enable you to create code that runs after a predetermined period of time or when a predetermined condition is satisfied. They make writing asynchronous JavaScript code easier.

• Async/await: Async/await is a JavaScript technology that allows you to create asynchronous code more synchronously. It is similar to callbacks and chaining promises, but it can simplify handling asynchronous operations in your code.

Asynchronous programming is important for building high-performance web applications, as it allows a program to handle multiple tasks simultaneously rather than executing them one after the other.