Authority in the principles of management refers to the right or power assigned to a manager or executive to give orders, make decisions, and direct subordinates to achieve organizational objectives. It is the legal and formal right to command and enforce obedience within an organization’s hierarchy

. Key aspects of authority in management include:

• Right to give orders and make decisions: Authority empowers managers to issue instructions and ensure tasks are completed

• Legitimacy: Authority is legitimate, deriving from the manager’s position within the organizational structure, and recognized by subordinates

• Flow of authority: Authority typically flows downward from higher to lower levels in the organization, enabling coordination and control

• Balance with responsibility: Authority must be balanced with responsibility, meaning managers should have adequate power to fulfill their duties and be accountable for outcomes

Types of authority commonly recognized in management include:

• Line authority: Direct authority over subordinates in the chain of command.
• Staff authority: Advisory authority to assist line managers.
• Functional authority: Specialized authority over specific activities across departments.
• Delegated authority: Authority granted to subordinates to perform specific tasks on behalf of superiors

Henri Fayol, a pioneer in management theory, defined authority as "the right to give orders and the power to exact obedience," emphasizing its essential role in managerial effectiveness

. In summary, authority in management is the formal power granted to managers to direct organizational activities, make decisions, and ensure compliance, which is fundamental for achieving organizational goals and maintaining order within the hierarchy