The song "Bella Ciao" is an Italian folk song with a complex history. It originally began as a protest song sung by female workers known as "mondine" in the paddy fields of northern Italy during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. These women sang it to protest the harsh, exhausting working conditions they endured. Later, "Bella Ciao" was adapted in the 1940s into an anthem for the Italian partisans who fought against the Nazi German occupation and Fascist forces during World War II. The song's lyrics tell the story of a young partisan bidding farewell to his beloved as he prepares to fight and possibly die for freedom. Today, it is internationally recognized as an anti- fascist hymn symbolizing resistance, freedom, and the fight against oppression. Its most famous refrain, "Bella ciao," means "Goodbye beautiful," referring either to the parting lover or symbolically to freedom or youth lost in struggle. The song became especially popular worldwide again after being featured in the Spanish television series "Money Heist" (La Casa de Papel) in recent years. Thus, "Bella Ciao" is both a historic workers' protest song and a symbol of anti-fascist resistance and freedom.