Benzodiazepines are a class of drugs that act upon benzodiazepine receptors (BZ-R) in the central nervous system. They are depressants that produce sedation and hypnosis, relieve anxiety and muscle spasms, and reduce seizures. Benzodiazepines tell your brain to release a neurotransmitter, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which makes your nervous system less active. This slowed activity can have various effects, including reduced stress, euphoria, reduced anxiety, and temporary blockage of the formation of new memories (known as anterograde amnesia) .

Benzodiazepines are usually swallowed, but some people also inject them. They are effective for sedation and anxiolysis, and doctors often prescribe them to treat anxiety, seizures, and insomnia. They are also used to treat acute status epilepticus, induction of amnesia, spastic disorders, and agitation. There are different types of benzodiazepines, including alprazolam (Xanax), clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and midazolam (Versed) .

Benzodiazepines can cause overdose, particularly when used with alcohol or other drugs, and they are associated with dependence (addiction) and withdrawal symptoms, even after only using them for a short period. Taking these medications exactly as prescribed makes dependence unlikely, but it’s still possible. It’s important to be careful when taking any type of drug, and it’s illegal to have or obtain benzodiazepines (depending on the laws where you are) if you don’t have a prescription.