Bhabar is a narrow belt of coarse alluvial soil located south of the Lower Himalayas and the Sivalik Hills, extending parallel to the mountain slopes. It is characterized by the deposition of pebbles and coarse sediments washed down by rivers from the mountains, making the soil porous. As a result, rivers often disappear into the ground in this region and re-emerge further south in the Terai area. The Bhabar belt typically ranges from 8 to 16 kilometers in width and lies along the foot of the Shivalik Hills from the Indus River in the west to the Teesta River in the east. It is not very suitable for agriculture due to the porous soil and disappearing streams but is an important zone for groundwater recharge and serves as a transition between the Himalayas and the Indo-Gangetic Plains. The Bhabar region includes major cities in Kumaon and Garhwal such as Dehradun, Haridwar, and Haldwani.