A black tumor commonly refers to malignant melanoma, which is a highly dangerous form of skin cancer originating from the pigment-producing cells called melanocytes. These cells produce melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color, and in melanoma, they undergo malignant degeneration leading to uncontrolled growth. Melanoma is often called "black skin cancer" because it typically appears as a black or dark brown tumor or lesion on the skin, though it can also be other colors like pink, red, purple, or skin-colored. It can develop from existing moles or normal skin and is dangerous because it has a high potential to spread (metastasize) early through the lymphatic system and bloodstream. There are different types of melanoma with varying behaviors, including nodular melanoma (a more aggressive form that grows rapidly and can bleed), superficial spreading melanoma, lentigo maligna melanoma, acrolentiginous melanoma (appears on hands, feet, or under nails), and amelanotic melanoma (lacking pigmentation and harder to detect). Early detection and treatment, mainly surgical removal of the tumor, are critical for a good prognosis. When caught early, melanoma has a high cure rate, but delayed treatment significantly worsens the chances of survival. Avoiding excessive UV exposure and monitoring skin changes can help prevent and detect melanoma early. In summary, a "black tumor" is typically malignant melanoma, a dangerous skin cancer requiring prompt medical attention for effective treatment. It is characterized by dark pigment and potential for rapid spread if untreated.