Brutalist architecture is an architectural style that emerged during the 1950s in the United Kingdom, among the reconstruction projects of the post-war era but commonly known for its presence in post-war communist nations. It is characterized by minimalist constructions that showcase the bare building materials and structural elements over decorative design. The style commonly makes use of exposed, unpainted concrete or brick, angular geometric shapes, and a predominantly monochrome color palette; other materials, such as steel, timber, and glass, are also featured. Brutalist buildings are usually constructed with reoccurring modular elements representing specific functional zones, distinctly articulated and grouped together into a unified whole. There is often an emphasis on graphic expressions in the external elevations and in the whole-site architectural plan in regard to the main functions and people-flows of the buildings.
Brutalism is not only an architectural style; it is also a philosophical approach to architectural design, a striving to create simple, honest, and functional buildings that accommodate their purpose, inhabitants, and location. The philosophy behind Brutalist architecture is rooted in the belief that architectural design should prioritize functionality, honesty, and social purpose. Many early Brutalist buildings were affordable housing projects that sought to reimagine urban living and provide better living conditions for the working class.
Brutalist architecture is often associated with socialist utopian ideas, which were regularly promoted by the buildings’ architects. The style was also a reaction to the architecture of the 1940s, much of which was characterized by a retrospective nostalgia. Brutalist buildings were neglected and covered in graffiti, symbolizing urban decay. The embrace of Brutalist architecture in the Soviet Union meant that the style also began to suffer from its association with totalitarianism.
Brutalist architecture is a style that inspires strong emotions, both those of love and hate, and remains one of the most divisive architectural styles of the modern age. While some consider Brutalist buildings eyesores, many others believe that their destruction is both losing a piece of history and losing a piece of beautiful architecture. Countless Brutalist buildings have been torn down since the style went out of fashion in the 80s, but many examples of Brutalism can still be found throughout the world, especially in London and notable American and Canadian cities.
