A buffer solution is a solution that resists a sudden or high change in its pH when a small amount of acid or base is added to it. It is a water-based solution that consists of a mixture containing a weak acid and the conjugate base of the weak acid or a weak base and the conjugate acid of the weak base. The buffer solution is a solution that can maintain its hydrogen ion concentration (pH) with only minor changes in the dilution or addition of a small amount of either acid or base. Buffer solutions are used in various applications such as fermentation, food preservatives, drug delivery, electroplating, printing, and the activity of enzymes. Blood oxygen-carrying capacity also needs a specific hydrogen ion concentration (pH) . Solutions of a weak acid and its conjugate base or weak base and its conjugate acid are able to maintain pH and are buffer solutions. The two primary types of buffer solutions are acidic and alkaline buffers. Acidic buffers are used to maintain acidic environments and have a pH below seven. They consist of a weak acid and a salt of a weak acid. An example of an acidic buffer solution is a mixture of sodium acetate and acetic acid (pH = 4.75) .