Bushido is a code of conduct that emerged in Japan from the Samurai, or Japanese warriors, who spread their ideals throughout society. It is a moral code concerning samurai attitudes, behavior, and lifestyle, formalized in the Edo period (1603–1868) . The Bushido code contains eight key principles or virtues that warriors were expected to uphold, including righteousness, loyalty, honor, respect, honesty, courage, and consistency. The precise content of the Bushido code varied historically as the samurai class came under the influence of Zen Buddhist and Confucian thought, but its one unchanging ideal was martial spirit, including athletic and military skills as well as fearlessness toward the enemy in battle. The code of Bushido was made the basis of ethical training for the whole society in the mid-19th century, with the emperor replacing the feudal lord, or daimyo, as the focus of loyalty and sacrifice. Although instruction in the code was officially abandoned with Japan’s defeat in 1945, elements of the code remain in the practice of Japanese martial arts and in the sport of sumo wrestling.